401k

What Are Pre-Tax Dollars?

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pretax dollars

Financial advisors and other financial professionals throw around certain terms like, pre-tax dollars, like everyone already knows what they mean. In some cases, they are right, and in other cases, most people only have a partial grasp on what exactly certain financial terms mean. In many cases, knowing the complete definition of a word or phrase makes all the difference. What Does Pre-Tax Mean? Pre-tax dollars is a phrase that is often used in conjunction with retirement planning and 401k contributions. In fact, one of the benefits of a 401k plan is that contributions are made with pre-tax dollars. But, what is the definition of pre-tax dollars, anyway? When an employee gets paid, there are numerous deductions that get taken out of their paycheck. These payroll deductions range from income tax withholding to FICA taxes to voluntary contributions for things like health insurance or cafeteria plans (Section 125 plans). Some of the deductions from your paycheck, like federal tax withholding, are computed based on how much you are paid. Pre-tax means that the deduction occurs before that withholding is calculated. This is why many financial writers and other financial experts point out that contributing to your 401k plan doesn’t actually …

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Contribute a PERCENTAGE to Your 401k

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Sometimes, it’s easy to let the small (but BIG) stuff get lost among all of the other information and knowledge out there. I’m just as guilty as anyone else, and that’s why I’m ashamed that there are already hundreds of other articles on my personal finance advice blog before I got around to writing this one. It comes from a friend who was “running some things by me” who showed me that his 401k contribution is $750. “Why isn’t a percentage instead of fixed amount,” I said. “What difference does it make,” he said. Oh boy. Have you seen my Credit Karma reviews?  Set a Percentage to Save Into Your 401k You’ve already heard it a million times before. There are fancy names for it, like “paying yourself first,” or whatever you like. But, in order to save, to really save you need to get money out of your hand, before it ever gets into your hands. It’s just human nature. We spend what we make. That’s why, no matter how old you are, and no matter how many times you’ve said it before, it still seems like just another hundred, or thousand, dollars a month is all you would need …

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401k Fiduciary Rule

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Politics sometimes makes it hard to get straight information about important topics relating to your finances. In this case, a court has struck down an Obama era rule that essentially applied the fiduciary standard to certain 401k advisors. According to the Republicans, this is a giant victory for freedom, and business, and enterprise. According to Democrats, this is a giant blow to fairness, and an attack on all hard-working Americans. As is so often the case when politicians get involved, the reality lies somewhere in between. What Is Fiduciary Standard? There is a HUGE amount of case law and statutes about what exactly makes up fiduciary standards, but for our purposes, the easiest way to understand is to compare to the other existing financial standard, suitability. I spend several years as a financial advisor. During that time, I was under the suitability standard. This meant that investments I recommended had to be suitable for my clients. In other words, I wasn’t supposed to be recommending highly-volatile, high-risk, futures contracts to my widowed, orphaned, school teacher, clients. Practically speaking, this standard had a lot less to do with what I wanted to recommend, and a lot more to do with what my company …

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Basic 401k Recipe – How To 401k

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When I was a financial advisor, it always surprised me how often people who didn’t know the first thing about money, investing, or 401(k) plans ended up being so successful at saving for retirement. For them, when they got their first “real” job all those years ago, they signed up for the 401k — because someone told them to — put in 6% of their salary — because that’s how you get the full match — and just chose a basic stock index fund as their investment choice — because that’s all you really need to do right now. Then, 30 years later, after having contributed 6% into a basic stock index fund every paycheck, during every recession, during every boom, during every bust, they ended up with a pile of money thanks to dollar cost averaging and compound interest — all without ever knowing anything about it. In contrast, I also met many people who knew “everything” about money. They quizzed me on minutia like where a company becomes a mid-cap stock versus a small-cap stock, or what month the Federal Reserve raised interest rates, but ended up with very little money in their 401k plans. As it turns …

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Understanding How Beneficiaries Work

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As a financial advisor, I used to review client’s paperwork when they came in for an appointment. Among many other things, I always made sure to go over was to review beneficiaries of my client’s accounts. Or, more to the point, I TRIED to review the beneficiaries on my client’s accounts. All too often, they had no idea who the beneficiaries were, or how to find out. Even worse, they often just decided to assume that they knew the beneficiaries on their accounts. Out of date beneficiaries is one of the most common financial problems people have when they start financial planning. What Are Beneficiaries When someone dies, there are a series of laws that determine exactly how your assets get dispersed among the living. These laws are long and complex. They are collectively referred to as estate law, and it is complicated enough to be an entire specialty for attorneys. The primary instrument for distributing your assets as you see fit, rather than as how the law dictates, is your will. However, there are several kinds of accounts that do not fall under this process, unless you do not properly designate your beneficiaries. In this context, a beneficiary is the …

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2017 Finances and Money Issues

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Welcome to 2017! Relax. Take a deep breath. There. Feel better? Good. Then let’s jump in. Finances Updated in 2017 With a new year, come some new numbers. There will be updates to the maximum 401k contributions, income limits for Roth IRAs, and others. Plus, there will be adjustments to the 2017 income tax brackets, the 2017 standard tax deduction, and more. And, of course, there is a new IRS mileage rate for 2017 as well. What about 529 plans? There aren’t a lot of updates to those numbers each year, primarily because most facets of 529 college savings plans are administered through the states, who aren’t always as keen on changing and updating everything. You’ll want to re-evaluate your financial plan for the new year, and you’ll want to review how your financial plan did in 2016. Plus, you’ll want to rebalance your portfolio, if you didn’t do it at the end of 2016. Retirement Plans 2017 A big part of most retirement plans are tax-advantaged savings accounts like your 401k plan, IRA accounts, and, for some of you, 457 plans, 403(b) plans, and various differed compensation plans. All of those need adjusted and reviewed for 2017 as well. …

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Fast Retirement Math

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retirement income

Want to make a quickie calculation about how much money you’ll need for retirement? I’ve talked before how, for most people, knowing “your number,” or whatever you want to call it isn’t really all that helpful. The simple reason is that most people cannot save as much for retirement as they should be, so they should just be saving as much as they can. Simple. But, what if you are getting ready to retire, or if you just want to know how much retirement income you have stored away? Quick Retirement Income Calculation The quickest way to calculate your current retirement income is to take the amount of money you have saved, and multiply it by 4%. That’s your current “safe” annual income in retirement. As in, if you have $1 million stashed away in your 401k plan, you can count on $40,000 per year in income. Sucks, doesn’t it? Before we get to some info that might help you feel better, let’s take a look at where the 4% comes from. Check out my review of Credit Karma here. A chimp with a hammer can get you 4% income without ever running you out of principal. In fact, at …

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How To Start Saving for Retirement

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If you’ve done some research on retirement savings, you know that there are a lot of options out there and a lot of various factors to worry about and navigate correctly. But, the reality is that if you haven’t really started saving for retirement yet, then every one of those ifs, ands, buts, and maybes apply to people with a lot more retirement savings than you have. Stop reading. Get started now. When To Start Saving for Retirement There is an old saying that the best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago. The second best time is now. Retirement savings works the same way. The best time to start saving for retirement is the day you started earning a paycheck. The next best time is now. If you read up on retirement planning strategies and investing for retirement, you may develop paralysis about your retirement savings plan. This delay is way more costly than any “retirement planning mistake” you might make. So, stop researching. Start Saving for Retirement Now Plan If your employer offers a 401(k) plan, then we are done talking. Walk down to human resources, or better yet, go on the company website and fill …

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Money Investing and Personal Finance End of Year

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Here comes the end of 2015, are you ready? Are your finances and investments ready? On the one hand, the end of the year means absolutely nothing to your money. Those twenties in your wallet don’t care what year it is, and your bank accounts don’t either. The stock market goes up and down before December 31st, just like it will after January 1st. That being said, there are some end of year tax issues to be aware of, as well as some smart money moves to make before the end of the year. What To Do With Money Before Year Ends Step One: Don’t Panic. Seriously. Too many people get all wrapped up in the end of the year and the start of a new year. I think that some of that comes from the added stress of the holidays, or the vacuum left behind when they end. The reality is that you and your money are probably fine, even if you don’t do anything at all before the year ends. Yes, tax deductions matter, but probably not as much as you might think. And, yes, there are deadlines, but many of them may not apply to you. With that …

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World’s Easiest Retirement Plan

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So, you want to do some retirement planning, but it all looks very complicated. There are numerous ways to save for retirement, and there are a lot of different investment accounts, and so on. You may be wondering if you need a financial advisor or financial planner just to make heads or tails of everything. Don’t worry. Most of that stuff isn’t necessary. There are a few facts that will help you develop a rock solid retirement plan for free, in no time at all. Easy Retirement Planning Keep in mind that most of the complications that come from talking about things like financial planning or retirement planning come from the fact that there are actually a lot of different people and a lot of different financial situations. But, when it comes to building a retirement plan yourself, or with a professional, the reality is that 90 to 95 percent of people just need a basic retirement plan with no bells, whistles, or complex calculations. Fact #1: It is almost impossible to save too much money for retirement. The reality is that most people are very much under-saving for retirement. Fully funding a retirement at a lifestyle nearly equal to the …

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